Simplified Chinese / 简体中文

当古老黑白的围棋穿越时间的长河,从远古走来,当晶莹的黑白子穿过大海,穿过茫茫戈壁,从中国走到日本,走到韩国,走向西域……历史沧桑,岁月轮回,小小黑白子,也就具有了深厚的文化内涵。

当原始时代的先人们,在地上画八、九道方格,摆上几颗石子,作围地、攻杀的游戏,也许,这便是古老之“弈”的雏形。后人却赋予了这一游戏以许多别样的意义。“尧造围棋”,强调的是围棋的教化功能;汉代的班固说围棋“上有天地之象,次有帝王之治……”,形下之技与形上之道便有了关联;魏晋之时,人们把围棋称为手谈、坐隐、忘忧、烂柯,棋成了人精神存在的一种方式。而到唐代,琴、棋、书、画并称,围棋正式登堂入室,成为“四艺”之一。

于是,作为竞技、游戏的围棋,又成了一种艺术。人们说,围棋就像一张黑白山水画,一幅纵横挥洒的书法,一首意境深远的诗,一种别样的人生,围棋包含着自然与生命之美,乃是宇宙万象的缩影。

茫茫宇宙,人涵天地之气,人在气中,气在人中。围棋盘如同一个小宇宙。棋盘中的天元,就像太极,缥缈虚空,生气流转。黑白子呢,就是由太极化生的两仪,“棋法阴阳,道为经纬。清者在天,浊者在地”,黑白子中即包含着阴阳乾坤的无穷变化。《棋经十三篇》说:“夫万物之数,从一而起。局之路,三百六十一一。一者,生数之主,据其极而运四方也。三百六十以象周天之数。分而为四隅,以象四时,隅各九十路,以象其日。外周七十二路,以象其候。枯棋三百六十,黑白相半,以法阴阳。”这其中虽无不附会之处,却正体现了围棋作为胜负之道之外的文化意味。

围棋是游戏、是竞技、是艺术、是宇宙之象、人生之道。一阴一阳之谓道,围棋成为了中国文化之象征。

天圆地方,人居其间。看大地上的那些四四方方的宅院,多像棋盘中一道道的格子,装满了人生的悲欢离合,喜怒哀乐。大千世界,也仿佛浓缩在了这小小棋盘中。黑白子的阴阳交抱,本身就似在昭示着混沌初开之意境。玄之又玄,众妙之门,这是道,也是棋。

English / 英文

Since time immemorial, the glistening black and white pieces have traversed the boundless seas and immense deserts to reach Japan, South Korea, the Western Regions and beyond. During the vicissitudes of life occurred throughout the passage of time, these black and white pieces have been infused with profound cultural meanings.

In the past when the forefathers invented a game of enclosure and slaying by moving several pieces in a square drawn on the ground, this is, perhaps, the prototype of this age-old game of Weiqi. The later generations have attributed other unique meanings to this ordinary game. “Yao Inventing the Weiqi” accentuates the edifying aspect of the game of Weiqi. Ban Gu, a 1st century Chinese historian and poet best known for his part in compiling the Book of Han, had remarked that first came the phenomena of the universe, followed then by the governance of Kings and Emperors, hence the connection between the earthly means and heavenly doctrine. During the Six Dynasties period (222-589), the game of Weiqi has taken on several names, such as Shoutan (hand talking), Zuoyin, Wangyou, Lanke, and become a form of spiritual existence. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, Weiqi has been hallowed when it had been placed alongside Qin (instrument), Qi (board game), Calligraphy and painting.

Consequently, Weiqi, as a sports game, has evolved into an art form. It is said that Weiqi is akin to a white landscape painting, an impressive calligraphy work, an abstruse poem and a unique lifestyle. Weiqi, embracing the beauty of nature and life, is an epitome of the phenomena of the world.

In this vast and boundless universe, the human race signifies the Qi (vital energy) of the nature, flowing around and encircled by it. Weiqi is, in a sense, a miniature of the cosmos. The center of the board resembles the Great ultimate, ephemeral yet full of vitality, while the black and white pieces are two poles generated by the Great ultimate, in which the game principles are yin and yang (the two opposing principles in nature), the Ways the orderliness. Clear is the sky, turbid the earth. The white and black pieces embrace a multitude of changes in the heaven and earth. It has been recounted in the Thirteen Pieces on Qi Strategy that vast numbers of things begin from one. In the way of Weiqi, there are 360 crosses plus one; thus “one” is the source of all things, from which other things are derived. 360 is the degrees for circling the earth; it is then divided into four parts, signaling the four seasons, with 90 left for the days. The peripheral 72 crosses mean Hou (a period of 5 days). The 360 in Weiqi is distributed equally for Yin and Yang in black and white. Exaggerated some parts of these may seem, it just reflects the cultural meaning over and above the success or failure of the game.

Weiqi is called a game, technique competition, an art, phenomena of cosmos and ways of the life. The relationship between Yin and Yang is a symbol of the Chinese culture.

The human race resides in the round heaven and earth. The square houses dotted around the planet, resembling the squares in the board, are just the repository of joys and sorrows, separations and reunions and the passions. Concentrated in this little chessboard is the boundless universe. Interaction of the black and white pieces heralds in the scene of the dawn of civilization. Extremely mysterious and abstruse is gateway to all things, in the same way as the game of Weiqi.