The Religion of Good-citizenship
Sage, thun wir nicht recht? Wir müssen den Pöbel betrügen, Sieh46 nur, wie ungeschickt, sich nur wie wild er sich zeigt! Ungeschick und wild sind alle rohen Betrogenen; Seid nur redlich und fuhrt ihn zum Menschlichen an. Goethe1.
The great war at the present moment is absorbing all the attention of the world exclusive of everything else. But then I think this war itself must make serious thinking people turn their attention to the great problem of civilisation. All civilisation begins by the conquest of Nature,i.e.by subduing and controlling the terrific physical forces in Nature so that they can do no harm to men.
physical:
according to the laws of nature 根据自然规律的；符合自然法则的
It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.
同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的。
The modern civilisation of Europe today has succeeded in the conquest of Nature with a success, it must be admitted, hitherto not attained by any other civilisation. But there is in this world a force more terrible even than the terrific physical forces in Nature and that is the passions in the heart of man. The harm which the physical forces of Nature can do to mankind, is nothing compared with the harm which human passions can do. Until therefore this terrible force, the human passions2 is properly regulated and controlled, there can be, it is evident, not only no civilisation, but even no life possible for human beings.
Not only did they win, they won by a landslide.
他们不仅胜利了，而且是以压倒性优势获胜。
The killing of these animals is not only illegal, it’s also immoral.
猎杀这些动物不仅违法，而且不道德。
The game is not only lots of fun, it’s educational too!
这个游戏不仅十分有趣，而且有教育意义。
Photographs are not only permitted, they are encouraged.
不仅允许拍照，而且还鼓励拍照。
I’m concerned not only for myself, but for my children (as well).
我不仅关心我自己，还关心我的孩子们。
She had the nerve to accuse me of lying. And not only that, but she refused to apologize!
她厚颜无耻地指责我撒谎。不仅如此，她还拒绝道歉！
The festivals take place not only in the city but also in the surrounding rural areas.
不仅城里人庆祝这些节日，周边乡村也庆祝。
In the first early and rude stage of society, mankind had to use physical force to subdue and subjugate human passions. Thus hordes of savages had to be subjugated by sheer physical force. But as civilisation advances, mankind discovers a force more potent and more effective for subduing and controlling human passions than physical force and this force is called moral force. The moral force which in the past has been effective in subduing and controlling the human passions in the population of Europe, is Christianity. But now this war with the armament preceding it, seems to show that Christianity has become ineffective as a moral force. Without an effective moral force to control and restrain human passions, the people of Europe have had again to employ physical force to keep CIVIL order. As Carlyle truly says, “Europe is Anarchy plus a constable.” The use of physical force to maintain civil order leads to militarism. In fact militarism is necessary in Europe today because of the want of an effective moral force. But militarism leads to war and war means destruction and waste. Thus the people of Europe are on the horns of a dilemma. If they do away with militarism, Anarchy will destroy their civilisation, but if they keep up militarism, their civilisation will collapse through the waste and destruction of war. But Englishmen say that they are determined to put down Prussian militarism and Lord Kitchner believes that he will be able to stamp out Prussian militarism with three million drilled and armed Englishmen. But then it seems to me when Prussian militarism is thus stamped out, there will then arise another militarism,-the British militarism which again will have to be stamped out.Thus there seems to be no way of escape out of this vicious circle.
But is there really no way of escape?
Yes, I believe there is.
The American Emerson long ago said, “I can easily see the bankruptcy of the vulgar musket worship, — though great men be musket-worshippers; and ’tis certain, as God liveth, the gun that does need another gun, the law of love and justice alone can effect a clean revolution.” Now if the people of Europe really want to put down militarism, there is only one way of doing it and that is, to use what Emerson calls the gun that does not need another gun, the law of love and justice, — in fact, moral force, With an effective moral force, militarism will become unnecessary and disappear of itself. But now, that Christianity has become ineffective as a moral force the problem is where are the people of Europe to find this new effective moral force which will make militarism unnecessary?
I believe the people of Europe will find this new moral force in China, — in the Chinese civilisation. The moral force in the Chinese civilisation which can make militarism unnecessary is the Religion of good citizenship. But people will say to me, “There have also been wars in China.” It is true there have been wars in China; but, since the time of Confucius 2,500 years ago, we Chinese have had no militarism such as that we see in Europe today. In China war is an accident, whereas in Europe war has become a necessity. We Chinese are liable to have wars, but we do not live in constant expectation of war. In fact the one thing intolerable in the state of Europe, it seems to me, is not so much war as the fact that every body is constantly afraid that his neighbour as soon as he gets strong enough to be able to do it, will come to rob and murder him and he has therefore to arm himself or pay for an armed policeman to protect him.
controversial
Link to original
这是著名黎巴嫩阿拉伯诗人纪伯伦的一句名言。句中用了两个not so much …… as …… 结构。not so much …… as …… “与其说……, 不如说……”肯定后面，否定前面，即 not so much B as A （与其说B, 不如说A），其用法相当于…… not B, but A ……（不是 B 而是 A）.
Thus what weighs upon the people of Europe is not so much the accident of war, but the constant necessity to arm themselves, the absolute necessity to use physical force to protect themselves.
weigh
always followed by an adverb or preposition, [no object] : to be considered in a specified way when a person or thing is being judged 具有重要性；有影响
The evidence weighs (heavily) against him. [=the evidence is not in his favor]
证据对他（十分）不利。
Her previous experience weighs in her favor.
她之前的经历对她有利。
Now in China because we Chinese have the Religion of good citizenship a man does not feel the need of using physical force to protect himself; he has seldom the need even to call in and use the physical force of the policeman, of the State to protect him. A man in China is protected by the sense of justice of his neighbour; he is protected by the readiness of his fellow men to obey the sense of moral obligation. In fact, a man in China does not feel the need of using physical force to protect himself because he is sure that right and justice is recognised by every body as a force higher than physical force and moral obligation is recognised by every body as something which must be obeyed. Now if you can get all mankind to agree to recognise right and justice, as a force higher than physical force, and moral obligation as something which must be obeyed, then the use of physical force will become unnecessary; then there will be no militarism in the world. But of course there will be in every country a few people, criminals, and in the world, a few savages who will not or are not able to recognise right and justice as a force higher than physical force and moral obligation as something which must be obeyed. Thus against criminals and savages a certain amount of physical or police force and militarism will always be necessary in every country and in the world.